古地图:见证中国地理大发现——以中国的天文观测与地图测绘技术为依据

The Ancient Maps: Usher in Chinese Geographical Discovery ——A Discussion about Astronomical Observations and Mapping

通过对《山海经》、《梁书·诸夷列传》等古籍记载的扶桑国、女国、毗骞国等古国地望的考证,以及对唐代《华夷图》、元代《东南海夷图》和《西南海夷图》、明代《内板山海舆地全图》及清代《大清统属职贡万国经纬地球式》等古地图的地图投影方式进行研究,清晰再现了中国古代发现世界和测绘世界地图的历史脉络。本文认为,中国古代的地理发现范围广阔、领先世界,在1375—1392年期间采用先进的横轴等距方位投影绘制了精确而完整的世界地图。从古地图中不仅破解了困扰地图学1000多年的谜题,而且见证了中国地理大发现——中国发现世界——并非传说。

Both the researches on the location of Fu Sang, Nv, Pi Qian and other ancient countries recorded in the Classic of Mountaias and Rivers, Book of Liang ： Zhu Yi Biography and other ancient Chinese books, and the study on the map projection of ancient maps like Hua Yi Map in Tang Dynasty, Southeast Hai Yi Map and South- west Hal Yi Map in Yuan Dynasty, Nei Ban Shan Hai Yu Di Full Map in Ming Dynasty, and Da Qing Tong Shu Zhi Gong Wan Guo Jing Wei Di Qiu Shi in Qing Dynasty illustrate the historical context of world discovery and world map drawing in ancient China. This paper demonstrates the wide range of geographic discovery and the leading position all over the world by ancient China and proves that the ancient Chinese draw a precise and com- plete map of the world before 1392 by using the advanced horizontal axis azimuthal equidistant projection. The ancient maps not only crack the puzzles in cartography which have been existing for 1,000 years, but also usher in the geographic discovery of ancient China - that China discovered the world is not a legend.