从法律概念中探寻法律关系——霍菲尔德法律关系理论研究

Seeking Law Relations from Law Conceptions——The Analysis of the Hohfeld's Law Relations

霍菲尔德从八个基本法律概念(权利、义务、特权、无权利、权力、责任、豁免、无权力)入手,重新构建了法律关系理论。他认为这八个法律基本概念作为一个整体,既可以从"相反关系",也可以从"相关关系"进行分析。当把这个整体拆开时,就会发现权利、义务、特权、无权利是"针对行为的法律关系";权力、责任、豁免、无责任则是"针对法律关系的法律关系"。霍菲尔德法律概念理论对后世法学产生了深远的影响。

It is from the perspective of ＂the law relations＂ that Hohfeld analyses the eight law conceptions （ right, duty, priviledge, no - right, power, lability, immunity, disability）. He thinks that we can analyse the eight law conceptions as a whole from both the ＂opposite relaion＂ and the ＂relative relation＂. When we cut the whole into two parts, we will find right, duty, priviledge and no- right are ＂anction- law relations＂; power, liability, immunity and disability are ＂law- relation- law relations＂. In addition, when analyse his ＂relative relation＂, we will conclude the constrain is not essential in the law relation. The creation of ＂relative relation＂ and ＂opposite relation＂ themselves offers a target for the opponents , and also pave the way for the successors.