论社会秩序形成的情感基础——基于亚当·斯密“同情合宜性”的伦理政治思考

On the Emotional Foundation of Social Order——Ethical and Political Thinking Based on Adam Smith’s “Sympathy Appropriateness”

同情—作为个体心灵体验的人类本能,被亚当·斯密所设想的公正旁观者推到了人与人之间相互交往的层面,并外化为人与人之间社会关系得以和谐稳定的基础。本文主要从"同情"—社会秩序形成的情感基础这一独具特色的人性论假设出发,探索通过怎样的内心机制对同情合宜性进行恰当地道德评判而引导出的社会赞同的行为,从而为和谐稳定的社会秩序的建立奠定坚实的情感基础。

Sympathy, the instinct of human experience as an individual soul, is pushed, by a just bystander envisaged by Adam Smith, to the level of interaction between people, and externalized as a basis for social harmony and stability. This paper, starting from the unique hypotheses that ＂sympathy＂ is the emotional basis forming social order, explores by what inner mechanism ＂sympathy appropriateness＂ can be appropriately and morally judged and consequently entail behavior approved by society, thus build a solid emotional foundation for construction of a harmonious and stable social order.