机床轻量化设计结构与性能研究——卧式车床支承件结构特征与静态特性分析

On Structure and Performance for Machine Tool Lightweight Design——Structural and Static Characteristics of Components in Horizontal Lathe

针对机床轻量化设计的关键问题——结构与性能关系进行了研究。以卧式车床支承件为研究对象,对其支承件结合面形式、几何结构类型及结构特征进行了分析;并基于对切削加工工况、载荷和约束特点的分析,应用有限元方法对各支承件的静态特性进行了研究;总结了支承件几何结构类型与支承件静态特性的相应关系。通过研究支承件的结构与静态特性,得出卧式车床中梁、板和箱体三类支承件的变形主要为整体的弯曲、倾覆和扭转以及导轨的局部弯曲和扭转变形。研究结果为卧式车床支承件的结构设计和优化提供了一定的参考依据。

The relationship between the structure and the performance, which is the key problem of the machine tool＇ s lightweight design, is studied. Taking the main components （supporting parts） of horizontal lathe as research objects, the form of joint surfaces, the type and characteristics of the geometric structure are analyzed. The static performance of the main components is investigated by means of Finite Element Method base on the analysis of the cutting condition, load and constraints of the components. The corresponding relationship between the type of the geometric structure and the static performance of the components is summarized. The results of the static performance show that the main characteristics of the three types （beam, plate and box） of the components are overall bending, overturning and torsion. In addition, the local bending and torsion of the guide way should be also taken into account even if sometimes it may not be a part of the main supporting part. The research in the paper may provide reference for the structural design and optimization of the main components of machine tool.