渭河径流变化及其对气候变化与人类活动的响应研究进展

Advances in Study About Runoff Variation of the Weihe River and its Response to Climate Change and Human Activities

渭河是黄河流域的最大支流,流域内径流量在1980年代后发生了锐减,对两岸的生态安全和经济发展都造成了威胁。本文总结了近年来在渭河径流变化及其对气候变化和人类活动响应的研究进展。渭河径流空间分布差异大,年内分配不均,年际、年代际丰枯震荡明显;流域内降水量减少、气温升高、蒸发量增大,使得径流量减少;近年来人类活动对径流的直接、间接作用也使得径流量显著下降。同时提出该领域的研究存在一定不足,并指出在未来研究中,应注重将水文模式与统计方法相结合,就渭河径流对气候变化与人类活动的响应进行更加深入的研究。

The Weihe River is the largest branch of the Yellow River basin, its runoff has decreased sharply since the 1980s and the ec- ological security and economic development are threatened. This paper summarizes the recent progress of runoff variation in the Weibe River and its response to climate change and human activities. The results show that the runoff variation has significant spatial differ- ences affected by climate change and human activities, it is mainly concentrated in the flood season with obvious shock in decadal, an- nual and seasonal variation. In recent years, because precipitation reduced, temperature rised and evaporation increased, the runoff of Weihe River dereased significantly. At the same time, the human activity also unconsciously destroyed fragile balance of northwest wa- ter circulation to a certain extent and impacted the runoff of Weihe River in direct and indirect way, and caused a series problems of ec- ological and environmental aspects. We found that the research on the relationship between temperature, evaporation and runoff was relatively weak. Compared with the mathematical statistical method, the hydrological model has more advantages, but it was rarely ap- plied in Weihe Basin, and the existing conclusion of specific contribution of each factor on the variation of runoff is not uniform, and in the future research we should pay much attention to the response of the runoff to climate and human activities.