明清两代畿辅地区水稻种植的生态背景初探

Preliminary Studyon the Ecological Background of Growing Rice in Jifu Region during the Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清两代,政府及官方不遗余力地引进江南先进稻作技术,以在畿辅地区推广水稻种植,形成了明清农业史上一道景观。学界虽对此有所涉猎,但很少有人分析当时之所以出现这种现象的起因与背景。本文从生态学史的三个重要维度人口、资源与环境出发,从长时段来揭橥明清畿辅种稻运动背后所隐藏的背景,认为畿辅地区环境恶化、人口增长导致的人地矛盾与粮食匮乏是这次水稻推广运动发生的根本原因;而江南的先进农业、水利技术与江南士人的推动是这次水稻推广运动的重要外部动力。同时,本文还重新厘清了先前畿辅种稻史中的若干观点,并提出了自己的管见。

During the Ming and Qing dynasties,government and officials had spared no efforts to introduce the advanced rice technology from Jiangnan,to promote the rice cultivation in Jifu region,which formed the special scenery in agricultural history of Ming and Qing dynasties.Scholars have done some researches in this field,but few analyzed the causes and background of this phenomenon.In this article,the author uses three key concepts of population,resource and environment in ecological history,to reveal the background hidden in the rice-growing movement in Jifu during this long period.The author believes that the degradation of environment,the contradiction between human and land which caused by the rapid growth of the population and food shortage are driving forces for the occurrence of this rice-growing campaign;Jiangnan’s advanced agricultural and water technology and the promotion by the south people are the important external power of the rice promotion movement in Jifu region.At the same time,this paper also re-clarified some previous points in the history of rice-growing campaign in Jifu region,and put forward own views.