商品型生态农业与退耕还林工程系统耦合关系的演变——以安塞县为例

Evolution of Coupling Relationship between Eco-Agriculture with Commodity and Grain for Green Project in Ansai County

退耕还林工程通过改善生态系统,进而影响农业产业结构,与商品型生态农业系统相互耦合,同时,商品型生态农业系统内部的农业生态经济系统耦合态势也在不断变化。以黄土丘陵沟壑区退耕还林工程与商品型生态农业发展的典型代表区——安塞县为例,运用耦合度模型的方法,分析商品型生态农业与退耕还林工程系统耦合关系的演变过程。结果表明,系统演化过程可划分为四个阶段:Ⅰ.商品型生态农业与退耕还林工程系统协调化发展阶段;Ⅱ.过度退耕情况下商品型生态农业发展阶段;Ⅲ.过度退耕限制商品型生态农业发展阶段;Ⅳ.限制商品型生态农业发展速度以促进退耕还林系统快速发展阶段。1999—2010年,安塞县先后经历了第Ⅰ、Ⅱ阶段,目前处于第Ⅱ阶段的过度退耕情况下农业经济系统发展速度下降时期,过度退耕和农业产业—资源局部相悖态势使系统耦合协调程度减弱。因此,黄土丘陵退耕区在今后的生态经济建设中,既要巩固退耕还林成果,又要防止过度退耕,在优化商品型生态农业结构的基础上提高产业与资源一致性。

Grain for Green Project has affected the agricultural industry structure by improving the ecological system.Eco-agriculture with commodity（EAC） and Grain for Green Project system coupled with each other,and the coupling trends of agricultural eco-economic system within EAC constantly changed.Taking Ansai County as an example,a typical region about the implementation of Grain for Green Project and EAC in Loess Hilly and Gully Region,the evolution process could be divided into 4 phases by using coupling degree model： Ⅰ.Phase of EAC and Grain for Green Project system harmonious development,Ⅱ.Phase of EAC development in the case of the returning farmland excessive,Ⅲ.Phase of excessive returning farmland limit the development of EAC,Ⅳ.Phase of the development of EAC is limited to promote Grain for Green Project system rapid development.The coupling relations in Ansai County had experienced phaseⅠ and Ⅱ from 1999 to 2010.The current system coupling relationship was in the period of agricultural economic system development speed decline and the system coordinated degree weakened because of excessive returning farmland and clear contrary trend of agricultural industry and resources.Therefore,it is necessary for the construction of eco-economic system in Loess Hilly and Gully Region to consolidate the achievements of Grain for Green Project,prevent excessive returning farmland,and optimize agricultural structure of EAC to enhance the consistency between industries and resources.