上海宝山区进城务工人员子女自我意识与父母养育方式的相关分析

Correlation analysis about the relationship between self-consciousness and parental rearing pattern in children of migrant workers in Baoshan district in Shanghai

目的探讨上海宝山区进城务工人员子女自我意识发展情况以及自我意识与父母养育方式的关系。方法采用Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表(PHCSS)和父母养育方式评价量表(EMBU)对上海宝山区进城务工人员子女小学及中学7所学校4 350名学生进行调查。结果进城务工人员子女自我意识水平量表总分及各因子得分均低于城市常模,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。自我意识量表的各因子及总分与父母养育方式中的情感温暖、理解因子呈显著正相关(P<0.01),与父母的惩罚严厉因子、拒绝否认因子呈显著负相关(P<0.01)。自我意识量表中行为、焦虑、合群、幸福与满足因子及总分与父母的过分干涉因子、过度保护呈显著负相关(P<0.01),而智力与学校情况、躯体外貌与属性因子与父母的过分干涉、过度保护呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论上海宝山区进城务工人员子女自我意识水平低于城市儿童,父母养育方式是影响儿童自我意识水平的主要因素之一,良好的父母养育方式有利于儿童自我意识水平的发展。

Objective To explore the self-consciousness development and the relationship between self- consciousness and parental rearing pattern in children of migrant workers in Baoshan district in Shanghai. Methods 4350 students in 7 primary school or middle school for migrant workers＇ children were investigated with Piers-Harris Childreng Self- concept Scale （PHCSS） and Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppforstran （EMBU） scale. Results Total score and factor scores of PHCSS in migrant worker＇ s children were significantly lower than those in norm （P 〈 0. 001 ）. Total score and factor scores of PHCSS were significantly positively correlated with the factor score of emotional warmth ＆ understanding, while were significantly negatively correlated with factor scores of punishment and rejection in EMBU scale. Total score and factor scores of behavior, anxiety, gregarious, well-being, satisfaction in PHCSS was significantly negatively correlated with the factor scores of excessive interference and excessive protection in EMBU scale. Factor scores of intelligence ＆ school conditions, appearance ＆ characteristics in PHCSS were significantly positively correlated with the factor scores of excessive interference and excessive protection in EMBU scale （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion Level of self-consciousness in migrant workers＇ children in Baoshan district in Shanghai are lower than that of urban children. Parental rearing pattern may be one of the main influencing factors of low level self-consciousness of migrant workers＇ children. Good parental rearing patterns are beneficial to the development of childreng self-consciousness.