地区行政垄断与我国企业出口的“生产率悖论”

Local Administrative Monopoly and the “Productivity Paradox” of Chinese Firms

本文选取1998～2006年中国工业企业的微观数据,采用Heckman两阶段选择模型,考察了企业出口的"生产率悖论"。我们发现:我国的外资企业的出口存在明显的"生产率悖论",即外资出口企业的生产率水平显著低于非出口企业,这与新新贸易理论的结论恰好相反。而内资企业的出口行为则符合新新贸易理论的理论预测。在此基础上,我们进一步从地方行政垄断和行业要素密集度的角度,对这一悖论形成的原因进行了分析。实证结果表明:地方性行政垄断对我国外资企业的诸多限制及政策引导,扭曲了企业的出口行为,是形成"生产率悖论"的重要原因。

By using firm level data from 1998 ～ 2006, this paper investigates the “Productivity Paradox” of Chinese Firms. We show that, “Productivity Paradox” exists only for foreign affiliates in China, that is, the exporting firms are rela- tively less productive than the non-exporters, which is in sharp contrast with the conclusion predicted by the new-new trade theory. While the exporting behavior of the domestic firms is quite in accordance with the new-new trade theory. In addition, we offer a plausible explanation from the perspective of local administrative monopoly, which is a stylized fact that commonly exists in Chinese regions. The empirical results imply that, the operation and sale restrictions due to local administrative mo- nopoly strongly distort foreign affiliate firms＇ exporting behavior, thus have strong explanations power for the “Productivity Par- adox”.