马克思的存在论以“Sein”为对象吗?——以《1844年经济学哲学手稿》为例的解答

Is “ Sein ” the Object of Marxs Ontology ? An Interpretation Using The 1844Manuscript of Economics and Philosophy as an Example

通过以《1844年经济学哲学手稿》为例的分析,我们看到,马克思的存在论不是有关Sein的理论,而是有关Dasein的理论。以Sein为对象的存在论恰恰是马克思所批判的。在马克思那里,Dasein就是"感性的人的活动",就是"对象性的活动",就是"革命的"、"实践批判的"活动,就是自否定的活动,就是实践。马克思认为,人是一种否定性存在,人总要否定自己,并且正是通过这种不断的否定从而肯定自己、规定自己,这个过程就是人的自我生成过程。所谓实践,正是人在否定中建立自身的活动。

Through an analysis of The 1844Manuscript of Economics and Philosophy , we discover that the ontology of Marx is not a theory about Sein , but about Dasein.It is only when Marx makes critiques on other ontologies that Sein becomes the object.For Marx , Dasein is ' sensible human activity ,' namely ' objective activity ' or ' revolutionary ',' practical-critical ' activity , the activity of self-negation.Marx maintained that human beings are negative beings.They always negate themselves , then affirm and define themselves by this incessant negation.The dialectic is the self-becoming process of human being.Thus practice is the negation activity through which people establish their identities.