体标记在不同语体中的分布情况考察

A survey of the four major Chinese aspect markers in different modes of discourse

本研究采用包含口语、小说和报刊新闻三种语体的语料库对"了1"、"着"、"在"、"过"这四个主要体标记在不同语体中的使用情况做了比较全面的考查,有一些新的发现,或者说为一些以前的观察找到了进一步的语料支持。首先,体标记在小说中使用频率最高,在报刊中使用频率最低。另外,四个体标记中,"了1"的使用频率最高,"在"的使用频率最低。"着"和"在"不出现在"叙述"动词/小句中。"过"大部分出现在"非叙述"动词/小句中,但也少量出现在"叙述"动词/小句中。"了1"绝大部分出现在"叙述"动词/小句中。但有终结点并在某个参照时间前完成或结束只是"了1"的必要条件,而不是充分条件。"了1"的出现与否还受到其他因素的影响,如:故事情节的发展、句子的音韵节奏、动词的情状类型、动词后的宾语类型等等。

This paper reports the results of a corpus-based study on the distribution of the four major Chinese aspect markers 了1 le1,着 zhe,在 zai and 过 guo in different modes of discourse including conversation,fiction and news.We have made some new findings and have also found corpus data support for some previous findings.Our findings include:le1 is the most frequent of the four aspect markers in all the three modes of discourse,while zai is the least frequent.Zhe and zai do not appear in narrative clauses.More occurrences of guo appear in non-narrative clauses but there are also some occurrences that appear in narrative clauses.Most occurrences of le1 appear in narrative clauses.An endpoint and completion or termination of an event are the necessary requirements for the appearance of le1.The appearance of le1 is also conditioned by the story line,the prosody of the clause,the situation type of the clause,and the type of complements after the verb.