中国10省区农村2岁以下儿童母乳喂养持续时间现状及影响因素分析

Duration of breastfeeding and its relevant influencing factors on under 2-years-old in rural areas of 10 provinces in China

目的了解中国农村2岁以下儿童母乳喂养持续时间现状及其影响因素。方法利用“2006年中国十省农村7岁以下儿童体格发育调查”资料，选取2岁以下儿童为研究对象，采用Kaplan．Meier法估计母乳喂养持续时间生存曲线，用Cox回归模型分析母乳喂养持续时间的影响因素。结果47843名农村2岁以下儿童母乳喂养中位持续时间是12个月；Cox回归模型分析显示：儿童的性别、胎产次、地区、民族、辅食添加时间，父母文化程度，母亲职业和家庭经济收入是母乳喂养持续时间的影响因素。结论中国农村2岁以下儿童母乳喂养持续时间偏短，儿童性别、地区、父母文化程度和家庭经济收入等对母乳喂养持续时间有一定影响，建议采取针对性措施，改善母乳喂养状况。

Objective To understand the current status and relevant factors influencing the duration of breastfeeding in rural areas in China. Methods Children under two years old were selected as subjects from the study on ＂Physical growth among the under 7-years-old children from the rural areas of ten provinces in China in 2006＂. Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the survival curves and Cox multivariate stepwise regression was used to identify the relevant factors on the duration of breastfeeding. Results Median of the duration for breastfeeding was 12 months in rural areas of 10 provinces in China. Results of this study suggested that factors as sex, birth order, areas of residency, nationality, initiation of formula, parents＇ education levels, maternal services and famliy income were correlated with the duration of breastfeeding. Conclusion Duration of breastfeeding among rural children under 2-years of age was short in the 10 provinces of China. Factors as level of education, residential areas and family income of the parents as well as sex of the chilaren were correlated with the duration of breastfeeding. Intervention program should be implemented to improve the current status on breastfeeding.