等氮条件下饼肥与无机肥配合施用对烤烟生长与土壤养分淋失的影响

Effects of Cake Fertilizer/Chemical Ratio on Flue-cured Tobacco Growth and Loss of Soil Nutrients Under Same Nitrogen Condition

为综合评价在植烟土壤上有机肥与无机肥配合施用对烤烟生长及土壤养分的效应,通过盆栽试验,比较等氮养分条件下饼肥与无机肥不同配比处理的烤烟生长、土壤养分以及氮磷流失变化。结果表明:通过增施有机饼肥,能促进烟叶生长,提高上等烟比例,增加经济效益。化肥单施在提供速效养分的同时也具有培肥土壤的能力,提高了土壤中各养分含量,但其效果低于有机与无机肥配施处理。高比例的有机肥施用量处理,土壤养分含量均高于低比例的有机肥处理。烤烟整个生育期中,淋溶液中的氮磷浓度呈现先下降后上升的趋势。等氮条件下,随着配施饼肥的比例增加,土壤氮淋失量降低,而磷的流失量升高,从兼顾烤烟生长和减轻氮磷对环境污染两个角度考虑,50%化肥配合施用50%有机肥效果较佳。

Pot experiments were conducted in Yurman Province of China. Six different treatments with mixed chemical and cake fertilizers, included no fertilization （CK）, cake fertilizers only （100M）, 75% organic manure and 25% chemical fertilizers （75M＋25F）, 50% organic manure and 50% chemical fertilizers （50M＋50F）, 25% organic manure and 75% chemical fertilizers （25M ＋ 70F） with their replications and N, P and K chemical fertilizers only （100F） were examined. N application rate was the same in all the treatments （except no fertilization in CK）. The effects of the fertilization modes on flue-cured tobacco, as well as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulation, losses of N and P were investigated. The results showed that application of cake fertilizers fermented could promote the growth of flue-cured tobacco plant, enhance leaf yield, increase ratio of high quality and economic benefits level leaves, while no fertilization resulted in soil fertility degeneration. There was a significant increase of soil fertility with balanced fertilization while cake fertilizers application combined with chemical fertilizers increased soil fertility most. Both the concentrations of N and P in different treatments decreased first and then increased during the whole growing period. At the same applied amount of N fertilizer, soil nitrogen leakage amount decreased with the increase of the ratio of cake fertilizers applied, but the more proportion of cake fertilizers, the higher accumulative leaching amount of P in leacheate. Based on the point of flue-cured tobacco growth and environment protection consideration, 1 ： 1 of organic nitrogen/inorganic nitrogen was recommended in the flue-cured tobacco fertilization.