黑暗人格三合一研究述评

Review on the Studies of the Dark Triad

如果说大五人格代表了特质论人格心理学对非临床人格的研究成果,近期出现的黑暗人格三合一则代表了对亚临床人格阴暗面的研究成果。黑暗人格三合一由马基雅维利主义、自恋和精神病态三种人格特质构成,这三种人格特质在西方文化中均属于反社会型人格特质。对黑暗人格三合一的研究发现:(1)马基雅维利主义、自恋和精神病态各自独立又相互交织;(2)它们的测量工具均较为成熟;(3)黑暗人格三合一不仅具有反社会性,也具有亲社会性;(4)黑暗人格三合一反映个体的快速生命策略;(5)遗传和环境因素在黑暗人格三合一的形成中发挥不同作用;(6)黑暗人格三合一是不同于大五人格的人格特质群。

The studies on the Big Five represent the exploration into non-clinical personalities, whereas the studies on the Dark Triad represent the exploration into the shadow of the subclinical personalities. The Dark Triad is composed of three personality traits： Machiavellianism, narcissism and psych0Pathy, which are usually defined as antisocial personalities in the western culture. Results of recent studies on the Dark Triad indicate： （1） Machiavellianism, narcissism and psychopathy are independent yet intertwining personality traits; （2） valid tools have been developed to measure these personality traits; （3） the Dark Triad traits exhibit both antisociality and prosociality; （4） the Dark Triad may reflect a fast life strategy; （5） genetic and environmental factors play different roles in the development of the Dark Triad; （6） the Dark Triad is definitely a different personality trait clusier in contrast to the Big Five.