宁波市宫颈癌防治资源及社区女性人群对宫颈癌筛查认知度调查

Survey on preventive methods availability for cervical cancer in medical institutions and cognition on cancer screening among women in Ningbo

目的了解宁波地区医疗机构宫颈癌防治资源的情况以及当地女性对宫颈癌筛查的认知情况。方法采用整群抽样的方法,在宁波地区随机抽取医疗机构19家,其中市级医疗机构2家、县级医疗机构11家、乡级医疗机构6家。女性常住人口3 900人进行问卷调查。采用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析,采用计数资料行列表的χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果各级医疗机构均开展了宫颈癌筛查项目,市级医疗机构全部开展了6种宫颈癌筛查项目,但仅有6家医疗机构开展HPV-DNA检测,9家开展宫颈病理诊断。宫颈癌筛查方式包括组织性筛查、门诊机会性筛查、体检等方式。对常住人口共发放问卷3 900份,回收有效问卷3 609份。宁波地区妇女对宫颈癌可以早期发现的认知度为71.71%,年龄、职业、文化程度、城乡分布、经济状况等影响妇女的认知度(χ2=19.719、69.963、257.236、88.373、91.290,P<0.05)。对"持续高危型HPV感染"是宫颈癌的病因的认知度仅为28.10%。85.48%的被调查者愿意参加宫颈癌筛查。48.96%的人愿意承受100元以下的费用。2年内参加过宫颈癌筛查的女性仅占50.9%。结论宁波地区医疗机构具备开展宫颈癌筛查和治疗的条件。宁波地区妇女对宫颈癌筛查及其病因的认知度较低,其认知度与年龄、职业、文化程度、城乡分布、经济状况等有联系。

Objective To assess the preventive methods availability for cervical cancer in medical institutions in Ningbo, and to understand the cognition on cancer screening among women. Methods Using cluster sampling methods, 19 medical institutions at different levels and 3900 women were randomly selected and a questionnaire survey was conducted in Ningbo. SPSS 17.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results All surveyed medical institutions of municipal, county and township levels had carried out screenings for cervical cancer, and 6 screening tests including VIA or VILI, pap smear examination, liquid base cytology were all available in municipal institutions, but only 6 medical institutions conducted HPV DNA testing and 9 did pathologic diagnosis. 71.71% of women surveyed knew that cervical cancer could be found as early as possible through screening and the cognitive rate was closely related to age, education, occupation, household location and income （Х^2=19.711, 69. 696, 257. 236, 88.373, 91.290, P〈0. 05）. Only 28.10% women realized that continuing high-risk type of HPV infection was the major cause of cervical cancer. There were 85.48% of women who claimed willingly to accept the screening and 48. 91 % could afford the cost of less than 100 RMB. Only half of the women were actually screened in the last 2 years. Conclusions The medical institutions in Ningbo are capable of screening for cervical cancer. Some local women in Ningbo are still lack of knowledge about cervical cancer screening and the cause of the cancer, which is associated with age, education, occupation, and income.