基于小鼠饥饿模型筛选应急食品基础配方

Screening of emergency foods kit based on mice fasting model

根据小鼠饥饿模型为满足人体在饥饿时对能量的基本要求开发一种包含2种不同功能应急食品(A和B)的应急食品包。以压缩饼干为对照,通过测定小鼠的血糖值、肝糖原与肌糖原积累量、血液中尿素氮含量、体重变化、死亡率、胃排空率、小肠推进率和游泳时间后,得到应急食品A最优配比为:葡萄糖55%、黄原胶0.8%、矿物质(NaC3H5O3、NaCl、KCl和CaCl2)3.1%、B族维生素0.3%、应急食品B最优配比为:籼米粉67%、乳清蛋白25%、橄榄油28%和二十八烷醇0.05%。结果表明,与压缩饼干相比,服用应急食品A60min后小鼠血糖浓度迅速提升至10mmol/L以上,2h后小鼠体内肌、肝糖原积累量显著提高,尿素氮的含量明显降低;服用应急食品B20min后小鼠胃排空率和小肠推进率分别减缓至10%和40%。7d营养缺乏实验表明应急食品B能阻止小鼠体重下降,降低死亡率至15%;连续服用应急食品B72h后,小鼠游泳时间与对照组相比由60min延长至150min,小鼠体力和抗疲劳能力明显提高。

This article tested several different fundamental formulations of two emergency foods （type-A and type-B）, contained in an emergency food kit, based on KM mice fasting model. Blood glucose, muscle and hepatic glycogen, blood urea nitrogen, weighting change, death ratio, gastric empty, intestine propulsion were measured after intragastric administration type-A and type-B in vivo, respectively. Forced swimming test was designed to test the anti-fatigued capability of type-B. The best fundamentalformulation for type-A was 55% glucose, 0.8% xanthan, 3.1% minerals （NaC3H5O3 , NaCl, KCl and CaCl2 ）, 0.3% vitamin B group. Whereas for type-B, 67% Indica rice powder, 25% whey protein, 28% olive oil, 0.05% octacosanol. In vivo results showed that the absorption of the tested food was better than the commercial compression biscuits in blood glucose level, muscle and hepatic glycogen. For type-A, the blood glucose level was significantly elevated to 10 mmol/L after intragastric administration 60 min via commercial compression biscuits. Muscle and hepatic glycogen volume accumulated more than compression biscuits after 2 h and blood urea nitrogen decayed after intragastric administration type-A. After feeding type-B, KM mice’s body weight losing was significant slowly and the dead ratio was also low during 7 d malnutrition feeding test during. The intestinal propulsion and gastric empty declined to 10% and 40%, respectively. The swimming time extended from 60 min to 150 min via compression biscuits, significantly.