地震灾区青少年心理弹性及其发展趋势分析

Study on adolescents' psychological resilience and its development in earthquake-hit areas

目的探讨地震灾区青少年心理弹性及其发展趋势,为灾后儿童心理健康的干预提供依据。方法对四川省轻、重灾区2所中学的所有初中一年级学生进行为期1.5 a的3次追踪研究,采用多层线性模型进行统计分析。结果自我弹性量表适用于灾区青少年。3次测量轻灾区青少年心理弹性得分均高于重灾区青少年(P值均<0.01),第2,3次测量男生心理弹性得分高于女生(P<0.05);学生心理弹性得分在1.5 a内有上升趋势(P<0.05),且轻灾区青少年相对于重灾区青少年上升速度更快(P<0.05)。结论严重自然灾害中的青少年心理弹性损害严重并恢复缓慢。在自然灾害中青少年心理干预措施制定时应注意心理弹性随时间的变化特征。

Objective To explore the status and the development of psychological resilience of adolescents in earthquake-hit areas,and to provide evidence for the intervention.Methods A total of 1 140 grade one students in two junior high schools in earthquake-hit areas were investigated by follow-up study in one and a half years,using Hierarchical Linear Model for statistical analysis.Results the adolescents in hard earthquake-hit area had a lower score of psychological resilience than that in light earthquake-hit areas in the each measure（P0.01）.Boys got higher score than girls in second and third time（P0.05）.The psychological resilience of teenagers in disaster areas had a trend of ascending over one and half a year,while the adolescents in hard earthquake-hit areas had a lower score of psychological resilience and slower rising than that in light earthquake-hit areas from beginning to end during the follow-up study（P0.05）.Conclusion In the serious natural disasters,the psychological resilience of adolescents are damaged severely and recovered slowly and has different phenomena in different gender.It recommends that we should consider the growth and the trend of psychological resilience over time when the psychological interventions are executed for adolescents in disasters.