三种定位方法在腹腔镜结直肠肿瘤手术中的应用效果

Study on clinical value of three lacalization methods in laparoscopic colorectal tumor surgery

目的评价术前亚甲蓝定位、金属夹定位和术中纤维结肠镜定位在腹腔镜结直肠肿瘤手术中的应用效果。方法复旦大学附属肿瘤医院2009年12月至2012年6月间收治的64例结直肠肿瘤患者在行腹腔镜手术前进行了肿瘤定位，其中术前2h内4点法亚甲蓝定位23例，术前1d金属夹定位20例，术中纤维结肠镜定位21例，定位后行腹腔镜结直肠肿瘤根治性手术、肠段切除或局部切除术。结果所有手术均获成功，无手术死亡和并发症发生。术前亚甲蓝定位标记成功率为82．6％（19／23），2例因亚甲蓝弥散导致组织界限不清行中转开腹手术，2例肿瘤因腹腔面肠壁无亚甲蓝显色而无法定位，遂于术中加行纤维结肠镜定位。术前金属夹定位标记成功率为85．0％（17／20），2例乙状结肠肿瘤和1例直肠上段肿瘤因无法确定下切缘而于术中加行纤维结肠镜定位。术中肠镜定位标记成功率为95．2％（20／21），1例因病灶为长蒂腺瘤未能准确定位。对于术前亚甲蓝和金属夹定位失败而加行术中结肠镜定位的5例患者中，2例准确定位并成功施行腹腔镜手术；1例因病灶为长蒂腺瘤未准确定位；2例定位准确但因小肠和结肠胀气明显，手术空间不足致中转开腹手术。结论上述3种定位方法用于腹腔镜结直肠肿瘤手术均可获得较为满意的定位效果。临床实践中应根据肿瘤位置和拟行的手术方式来选择适宜的肿瘤定位方法。

Objective To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of three localization methods, including methylene blue, metal clips and intraoperative colonoscopy in laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed to review the clinical data of 64 patients who underwent the laparoscopic colorectal operations in Cancer Hospital of Fudan University from December 2009 to June 2012. Three methods of tumor localization were used perioperatively, including 23 cases of methylene blue, 20 of metal clips and 21 of colonoscopy. Results Operations were successfully performed in this cohort and there were no deaths or complications. In methylene blue group, intraoperative colonoscopy was performed in two cases because of the inability to visualize blue dye on the serosal surface of the intestinal wall, another 2 cases were converted to open operation because of methylene blue diffusion and inability to identify resection margin. Intraoperative colonoscopic localization was required for 3 cases of sigmoid colon or upper rectal tumor because of inaccurate tumorlocalization by metal clips. Poor operative exposure due to obvious bowel distension prompted the conversion to open surgery in 2 cases of colonoscopy localization group, and the accurate position of the lesion was not found in another 2 cases due to long pedunculated adenoma. Conclusions Colorectal tumor can be localized effectively by endoscopic methylene blue tattooing at a maximum of 2 tumors before operation and the method of 4-point positioning can significantly improve the accuracy of colorectal tumor localization. Tumor localization preoperatively on the day of surgery by metal clip is accurate for the right or left colon cancer. Intraoperative colonoscopy can localize tumor accurately and rapidly for rectosigmoid or descending tumor, and the incidence of bowel distension can be significantly reduced. Localization method should be considered according to the tumor location and surgical procedure.