ZFN/TALEN技术与作物遗传改良

ZFN/TALEN Technology and Crop Genetic Improvement

近年来,以锌指核酸酶(zinc-finger nucleases,ZFNs)和TALE核酸酶(transcription activator-like effector nucleases,TAL-ENs)为代表的基因组编辑技术开始出现并快速发展。这种技术把锌指或TALE(DNA识别结构域)与核酸酶融合,使之能够在特定的位点切开基因组DNA,随后利用基因组的修复/重组机制人工编辑基因组序列。利用ZFN/TALEN基因组编辑技术,可以实现基因敲除、片段置换、片段删除、定点插入等遗传操作。本文对ZFN/TALEN技术的工作原理和其在植物上的成功案例进行了综述,并对其在作物遗传改良研究中的应用前景进行了探讨。

In recent years, genome-editing technologies represented by ZFN （zinc-finger nucleases） and TAL- EN （transcription activator-like effector nucleases） were developed rapidly and used to facilitate the research of crop genetic improvement. These technologies rely mainly on the fusion of zinc fingers or TALEs （DNA-bind- ing domains） to a non-specific nuclease, which could cut genomic DNA at a given site and induce site-directed genome modifications through DNA repair/recombination mechanisms. Using the ZFN/TALEN technology, it is easy to produce desirable genetic modifications such as indels, deletions, fragment insertions and substitu- tions in the plant genomes. In this review, the principle and evolution of ZFN and TALEN technologies are de- scribed and their t^otentials for crop improvement are also discussed.