不同弹体结构步枪弹致长白猪防弹衣后损伤特点观察

Characteristics of behind armor blunt trauma produced by bullets with different structural materials: an experimental study

目的研究弹体结构对防弹衣后损伤的影响。方法健康雄性长白猪10只,按所用枪弹类型的不同随机分为56式7.62mm步枪弹组(n=5)及SS109 5.56mm步枪弹组(n=5)。通过减装药的方式将两种步枪弹动能调整至基本一致(约1880J),射击NIJⅢ级陶瓷防弹板+软Ⅱ级警用防弹衣防护下的长白猪左锁骨中线4～5肋间,射击距离25m,观察动物损伤情况。另取2只健康雄性长白猪,于心前区皮下软组织内及颅内放置生物力学传感器,测试防弹衣保护下两种步枪弹命中瞬间各部位压力变化,分析压力与损伤的关系。结果伤后两组动物血氧饱和度无明显变化,呼吸、心率加快,股动脉收缩压升高,但组间比较差异无统计学意义。大体解剖可见局部脏器损伤以心、肺钝性挫伤为主。肺脏出血面积7.62mm组为6.00%±3.18%,明显高于5.56mm组(3.59%±2.11%,P<0.05)。镜下观察可见肺组织、心肌组织及脑皮质神经元急性损伤。伤后3h两组动物血浆肌钙蛋白T(TnT)含量、肌酸激酶(CK)及肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)活性均上升,且7.62mm组上升幅度高于5.56mm组(P<0.05)。生物力学测试显示命中瞬间心前区软组织及颅内压力升高,且7.62mm组高于5.56mm组(P<0.05)。结论不同弹体结构步枪弹击中有防护的长白猪心前区时生物力学响应及致伤特点不同。研究弹体结构对防弹衣后钝性伤的影响对战场针对性救治、武器及防具设计具有重要意义。

Objective To investigate the e ect of structural materials of bullets on behind armor blunt trauma（BABT）.Methods Ten healthy male Landraces were randomly divided into two groups（5 each）： 56 type 7.62-mm ri e bullet group and SS109 5.56-mm ri e bullet group.e kinetic energy of two types of bullets was adjusted to the same level（about 1880J） by the way of grow downwards gunpowder.en the animals as protected with both grade NIJ Ⅲ ceramic hard armor and grade Ⅱ police so body armor,were shot at the le midclavicular line of fourth intercostal space（shooting distance was 25m）.e damage to the animals was observed.Other 2 healthy male Landraces were selected,and biomechanical sensor was subcutaneously implanted into the so tissue in precordium and intracalvarium to detect the pressure at the time point of bullet contact under the protection of armor,and the relationship between pressure and damage was analyzed.Results Respiration,heart rate and systolic arterial pressure of animals in two groups were all elevated a er injury,but there was no significant difference between the two groups.No obvious change was found on blood oxygen saturation of both groups.Gross anatomy showed the predominant local injury was cardiac and pulmonary contusions.e area of pulmonary hemorrhage of 7.62mm group was 6.00%±3.18%,significantly higher than that of 5.56mm group（3.59%±2.11%,P＆lt;0.05）.Histopathological examination revealed acute injuries of lung tissues,myocardial tissue and cerebral cortical neurons.The contents of cardiac troponin T（TnT）,creatine kinase（CK） and creatine kinase-MB（CK-MB） isoenzyme were all increased 3 hours a er injury,and the rise was higher in 7.62mm group than in 5.56mm group（P＆lt;0.05）.Biomechanical testing showed the pressure of precordium and intracalvarium was elevated at the moment of bullet contact,and the rise was higher in 7.62mm group than in 5.56mm group（P＆lt;0.05）.Conclusions e biomechanical response and injury characteristics are di erent of ri e bullets with di erent structural materials shooting at protected precordium in Landrace.Research of the e ect of bullet structural materials on BABT may make a signi cant contribution to the treatment in ba le eld and design of weapon and armor.