带旋髂深血管蒂髂骨瓣及松质骨移植治疗成人股骨头缺血性坏死

TREATMENT OF ADULT AVASCULAR NECROSIS OF FEMORAL HEAD BY TRANSPLANTING ILIAC BONE FLAP WITH DEEP ILIAC CIRCUMFLEX VESSELS AND CANCELLOUS BONE

目的探讨应用带旋髂深血管蒂髂骨瓣及松质骨移植治疗成人股骨头缺血性坏死的疗效。方法回顾分析2002年3月-2010年1月采用带旋髂深血管蒂髂骨瓣及松质骨移植治疗并获随访的685例803髋成人股骨头缺血性坏死患者临床资料。其中男489例580髋,女196例223髋;年龄18～63岁,平均40.4岁。单髋567例,其中左侧303髋,右侧264髋;双髋118例。病因:酒精性223例,激素性179例,酒精性+激素性21例,创伤性136例,髋臼发育不良8例,骨囊肿5例,化脓性关节炎2例,关节结核3例,类风湿关节炎5例,特发性103例。骨坏死根据Steinberg分期标准:Ⅱ期211髋,Ⅲ期513髋,Ⅳ期79髋。术前髋关节功能Harris评分为(60.30±7.02)分。结果术后发生切口脂肪坏死2例,其余患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合。术后发生迟发性感染2例,下肢深静脉血栓形成2例,肺栓塞2例,均经相应处理后治愈。患者均获随访,随访时间36～60个月,平均49个月。末次随访时,髋关节功能Harris评分为(83.50±7.31)分,较术前显著提高(t=—2 266.980,P=0.000);各期患者髋关节功能Harris评分均较术前显著提高(P<0.05);髋关节功能获优523髋,良185髋,可65髋,差30髋,优良率达88.2%。X线片复查示,移植髂骨瓣及植骨均达骨性融合,融合时间3～6个月,平均4.2个月。末次随访时,骨坏死根据Steinberg分期标准,总影像学稳定率为78.3%(629/803)。结论带旋髂深血管蒂髂骨瓣及松质骨移植治疗成人股骨头缺血性坏死,具有股骨头减压彻底、改善股骨头血运、为股骨头提供新的支撑,并参与骨诱导的作用,是一种保留股骨头的有效治疗方法。

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of transplanting iliac bone flap with deep iliac circumflex vessels and cancellous bone for the treatment of adult avascular necrosis of the femoral head （ANFH）. Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 685 patients （803 hips） with ANFH, who underwent iliac bone flap transplantation with deep iliac circumflex vessels and cancellous bone between March 2002 and January 2010. There were 489 males （580 hips） and 196 females （223 hips） with a mean age of 40.4 years （range, 18-63 years）, including 567 unilateral cases （303 left hips and 264 right hips） and 118 bilateral cases. The causes of ANFH included alcohol-induced in 223 cases, steroid-induced in 179 cases, alcohol ＋ steroid-induced in 21 cases, traumatic in 136 cases, acetabular dysplasia in 8 cases, bone cyst in 5 cases, septic arthritis in 2 cases, joint tuberculosis in 3 cases, rheumatoid arthritis in 5 cases, and idiopathic in 103 cases. According to Steinberg staging, 211 hips were rated as stage II, 513 hips as stage III, and 79 hips as stage IV. The preoperative Harris hip score was 60.30 ± 7.02. Results Fat necrosis occurred in 2 cases after operation, primary healing of incision was obtained in the other cases; delayed infection, lower extremity deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism occurred in 2 cases, respectively. All patients were followed up 36-60 months （mean, 49 months）. Harris hip score at last follow-up （83.50 ± 7.31） was significantly higher than that at preoperation （t= — 2 266.980, P=0.000）, and the scores were significantly higher than those at preoperation in different stages （P 〈 0.05）. The results were excellent in 523 hips, good in 185 hips, fair in 65 hips, and poor in 30 hips, and the excellent and good rate was 88.2%. X-ray examination showed bone fusion of transplanted bone flap and bone graft with an average of 4.2 months （range, 3-6 months）; according to Steinberg staging, imaging stable rate was 78.3% （629/803） at last follow-up. Conclusion Iliac bone flap transplantion with deep iliac circumflex vessels and cancellous bone has the advantages of complete decompression of the femoral head, exact flap blood supply, improved blood supply of the femoral head, new support for the femoral head, and participation of osteoinductive effect for the treatment of adult ANFH, so it is an effective treatment for the retention of the femoral head.