不同种源迷迭香(Rosmarinus officinalis)种子萌发特性比较研究

A Comparative Study on Seed Germination Characteristics of Rosmarinus officinalis of Different Provenances

在实验室条件下对6个种源迷迭香种子进行重量、形状及萌发特性的比较研究。迷迭香种子近椭圆形,长宽比为1.74～1.98,种子百粒重在0.12～0.18 g之间。其中,欧洲种源种子重量显著高于美洲种源种子(P<0.05)。萌发环境因子试验中,光照、温度和不同种源地对种子的发芽势和发芽率影响差异显著(P<0.05),15℃和光照条件下迷迭香种子有最高的发芽率;源于法国的种子发芽率为82%,显著高于其他种源地的种子发芽率(P<0.05),源于美国的种子发芽率最低,仅有27%;来自法国的种子平均发芽时间最长,为11 d,来自美国的平均发芽时间最短,为3 d。不同种源间发芽势与发芽率的变化趋势相同,发芽率与平均发芽时间呈负相关性,发芽率与种源地花期降雨量呈负相关性。迷迭香种子存在生理后熟或休眠机制,花期温度和降雨是影响不同种源种子萌发能力差异的主要原因,可将6个种源种子其分为欧洲和北美洲两大类,其形态学和生理指标表现出较强的地域性。

A comparative study on the seed of Rosmarinus officinalis was made by test the weight,morphology and germination characteristics of 6 provenances.Rosemary seed was small and oval,the rate of length to width was between 1.74 ～ 1.98,the 100-seed weight was between 0.12 ～ 0.18 g.The weight of American groups was significant higher than European groups（P〈0.05）.The indexes of germination energy and germination rate were significantly different among provenances been affected by light and temperature factors（P〈0.05）.Germination rate of the group treated by 15℃ / light condition was the highest then the others in the germination text on environment factors.France provenance was the highest on germination ratio 82% with 11 days germination time and the American provenance was the lowest on the germination ratio 27% with 3 days germination time.The variation trend of germination rate was similar？ to germination energy.Negative expression was found between rainfall in flowing season and germination rate,also in mean germination time and germination rate.There was a seed dormancy or post-mature strategy of rosemary and rainfall in flowering season and temperature might be the major cause of the differences of germination index characteristics among provenances.The 6 provenances were classed into two groups by European and American groups by system cluster analysis,which showed very obvious regional correlativity of morphology and physiology.