“草场承包”为何姗姗来迟

Why Pastureland Contracting Is Delayed

根据交易成本经济学的一般原理,如果毗邻牧户草场之间设置阻隔性边界/栅栏的边际收益大于其边际成本时,这样一种界权费用将会由双方承担,即实现内部化。但是,在甘青藏区,基于草场禀赋、传统游牧方式的存续等诸多局限条件,毗邻村或牧户双方之间设置阻隔性边界的费用却不能通过自发商谈的形式实现内部化。由此导致甘青藏区,乃至全国大部分牧区,呈现出了"畜-草"承包不能同步推进的尴尬局面——牲畜承包早已进行,但草场承包却迟迟没有推进。当"拉动内需"即国家补贴下的围栏建设以及由于草原过密化而引发要素价格上涨等多种因素意外地出现并契合在一起时,甘青藏区的草场承包改革才真正得以启动,并籍此使草场承包经营权初级物权化的制度费用问题得到了解决。

According to the general principles of transaction cost economics,while building boundary fence between neighboring pastureland,if the actual benefit is higher than the cost,the boundary rights fee should be shared by both parties,that is,internalization.However,due to restricted conditions such as the quality of the pastureland and maintaining of traditional nomadic grazing,the fence building fees cannot be internalized though their own negotiation between neighboring villages or herdsmen.As a result,in Tibetan inhabited regions of Gansu and Qinghai,even in most pasturing area,the livestock contracting and pastureland contracting do not keep pace with each other——the former contracting has been done,but the latter has not been implemented yet.Fence building with the help of national aid fund(Increasing domestic demand) and dense pastureland caused the elements price go up.While these and other factors appear by accident and work together,the reform of pastureland in these regions will really start up.Based on this,we can solve the system fee in elementary property legalization of pastureland contracting.