葡萄风信子器官和体胚发生的解剖及生理特性研究

Physiological Characteristics of Organogenesis and Somatic Embryogenesis in Muscari botryoides

以葡萄风信子"蓝穗"叶片为材料,分别对器官发生和体胚胎发生过程中不同时期超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶活性(POD)、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量进行测定,并对2种途径中的典型时期进行解剖结构观察。结果表明:抗氧化酶类活性、可溶性糖和蛋白质含量与植物细胞形态发生密切相关;在不定芽分化和体胚发生初期,胚性愈伤的POD、SOD活性与可溶性蛋白质含量显著高于非胚性愈伤组织。此外,器官发生和体胚发生途径差异在愈伤组织形成期已开始产生,说明该期是器官和体细胞胚发生关键的调控时期。因而可通过向培养体系中加入不同激素、糖或蛋白等物质,进而调节植物细胞生理代谢方向,达到影响培养物形态发生的目的。

Taking the leaves of Muscari armeniacum cv.Blue Spike as experimental materials,the activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD）,catalase（CAT） and peroxidase（POD）,and the contents of soluble sugar and protein were measured in different stages of organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis.Anatomical structures were also observed during the typical stages of the two processes.The results demonstrated that that the SOD,POD and CAT activities,and soluble sugar,and protein contents were closely related to plant morphogenesis.In the initial stages,the levels of three antioxidant enzymes,soluble sugar,and protein were higher in embryonic callus than those in non-embryonic callus.The difference already appeared at callus formative period,indicating that callus formative period played an important role on regulation of organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis.Metabolisms in the plant cells may be regulated by adding different hormones,sugar,or protein in culturing systems to alter morphogenesis of the cultures.