免耕稻草覆盖对土壤肥力及川芎产量和品质的影响

Effects of No-tillage and Straw Covering on Soil Fertility, Yield and Quality of Ligusticum chuanxiong

为川芎的轻简高效栽培和可持续发展提供理论依据,通过裂区试验设计,田间控制性小区试验研究了免耕和稻草覆盖对土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量等肥力指标以及川芎产量和阿魏酸、总生物碱含量等主要品质指标的影响。结果表明,①稻草覆盖可显著提高土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量,这些肥力因素随稻草覆盖量的增加而提高,在等量稻草覆盖时,切碎覆盖的显著高于整草覆盖的;免耕与旋耕相比有降低土壤有机质、碱解氮和速效钾含量的趋势,但可提高块茎膨大期土壤的有效磷含量。②适宜的稻草覆盖还田能显著提高川芎的产量,以切碎覆盖还田的增产幅度最大;免耕与旋耕的川芎产量差异不显著,但免耕因降低了生产成本,可以提高川芎生产的经济效益。③稻草覆盖有助于提高川芎的阿魏酸和总生物碱含量,特别是切碎覆盖处理;免耕与旋耕相比有降低川芎阿魏酸和总生物碱含量的趋势。④川芎的产量、阿魏酸和总生物碱含量与土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量正相关。因此,合理的免耕稻草覆盖可提高土壤肥力,从而提高川芎产量和部分品质指标,以免耕374.8 g.m-2稻草切碎覆盖为宜。

To study the effects of no-tillage and straw covering on soil fertility,yield and quality of Ligusticum chuanxiong,A field experiment with split plot design was conducted in Dujiangyan city,Sichuan province.The results showed that,straw covering could significantly increase the content of organic matter,alkal-hydrol nitrogen,available phosphorus and potassium.They increased with the quantity of straw covering increase.While the amount of straw covered were the same,the content of organic matter,alkal-hydrol nitrogen,available phosphorus and potassium were higher under the covering condition with cut straw than that with whole straw.In contrast to rotary tillage,no tillage decreased the content of organic matter,alkal-hydrol nitrogen and available potassium to some extent,but could increase the content of phosphorus at the tuberous root expanding stage of Ligusticum chuanxiong.Proper amount of straw covered could significantly increase the yield of Ligusticum chuanxiong.The soil tillage method had no significant effect on the yield of Ligusticum chuanxiong.However,the benefit of no-tillage were higher than that of rotary tillage because it had no tillage cost.Among all treatments,the yield of Ligusticum chuanxiong was the highest under no-tillage and covering condition with cut straw of 374.8 g·m-2.Straw covering would increase the content of ferulic acid and total alkaloids of Ligusticum chuanxiong,especially with straw cut.In contrast to rotary tillage,no-tillage could decrease the content of ferulic acid and total alkaloids to some extent.The yield,content of ferulic acid and total alkaloids of Ligusticum chuanxiong were related to the content of organic matter,alkal-hydrol nitrogen,available phosphorus and potassium of soil.Proper amount of straw covered under no-tillage condition could promote the soil fertilities,so increase the yield and some quality properties.The best method is no-tillage and covering condition with cut straw of 374.8 g·m-2.