保护性耕作对坡耕地道地药材等高隔带种植系统水分利用效率和生产力的影响

Effect of Conservation Tillage on Water Use and Productivity of Slope Areas Famous-Region Drug Strip Cropping System in Contour Planting Zone

本文选用甘草这种多年生作物和小麦、板蓝根2种1年生作物,设置不同等高隔带种植系统,研究不同种植方式和耕作方式对土壤水分、水分利用效率(WUE)以及生产力的影响。结果表明:①各处理的水分利用效率依次为:免耕+秸秆覆盖(NTS)>免耕(NT)>传统(T);②免耕+秸秆覆盖(NTS)和免耕(NT)方式与传统耕作(T)相比,均能提高半干旱地区土壤水分和作物对水分的利用效率。③不同的处理对作物生长发育的影响不同,与传统耕作相比,免耕+秸秆覆盖(NTS)与免耕(NT)的方式均使作物出苗期推迟约5 d。④小麦在免耕方式下的产量最高,在传统耕作方式下的产量次之,而免耕+秸秆覆盖(NTS)方式下产量最低,且有5%水平的显著差异;秸秆覆盖对板兰根产量的影响不大。⑤小麦在坡地上的经济效益很低,而板兰根的经济效益比较高。

In this paper,the perennial crops（liquorice） and two annual crops（wheat and indigowoad root） were selected as tested crops.Effects of different cropping patterns and farming methods on the soil moisture,water use efficiency（WUE） and productivity of plants were studied with different contour interval.The results showed that（i）the WUE of each treatment as follows： no-tillage ＋ straw mulch（NTS） no-tillage（NT） traditional（T）;（ii） Tillage way of no-tillage ＋ straw cover（NTS） and no-tillage（NT） would improve the soil moisture and crop＇s WUE in semi-arid areas compared with conventional tillage（T）;（iii） effects of different treatments on crop growth and development were different,and crop seedling-stage was postponed for five days with farming methods of no-tillage ＋ straw mulch（NTS） and no-tillage（NT） compared to conventional tillage;（iv） the yield of wheat was the highest under no-tillage methods,followed under traditional farming methods,and the lowest under no-tillage ＋ straw mulch pattern,there were significant differences at the level of 5 %,but straw mulch had little effect on the yield of indigowoad root;（v）the economic benefits of wheat on sloping land was very low,but that of indigowoad root was high.