蔡元培与张謇体育思想之异同

Similarities and Differences of Ideas on PE between Cai Yuan-pei and Zhang Jian

蔡元培与张謇同为中国近代著名教育家,他们俩人对于二十世纪上半叶中国体育教育的发展,都曾提出过具有前瞻性和创见性的思想观点。在论及德、智、体三者的关系上,蔡元培和张謇均主张三育并重,并认为体育是培养"完全之人格"不可或缺的重要教育方式;在运动竞赛方面,他们俩人均认为体育赛会能够养成社会公德,并都反对选手体育;在女子体育方面,他们俩均认为女子应与男子同样享有教育权、体育权,女子体育运动的开展可以推进妇女解放运动的进程。但在体育的推展方式上,他们的思想又各具特色,蔡元培注重于终生体育的培养,张謇则注重于大众体育的普及。

As famous educators in modern China,both Cai Yuan-pei and Zhang Jian have put forward creative foresights for the development of PE in the early 20th century.When it comes to the relationships among morality,intelligence and physical fitness,both Cai Yuan-pei and Zhang Jian hold that equal emphasis should be laid on these three elements,and believe that PE is an indispensible method for the cultivation of ＂full personality＂.They also maintain that sports matches can cultivate social morals,and object to professional players in PE.Meanwhile,they think that women should enjoy equality in education and PE,and the sports activities by women can advocate women liberation movement.However,their ideas exhibit differences in the promoting ways of PE,with Cai’s emphasis on lifelong PE while Zhang on mass PE.