小兴安岭典型集水区水文过程模拟研究

Simulation research of hydrological processes on the typical catchment in Lesser Khingan Mountains

以GIS技术及数据库、计算机编程语言为基础,根据东北森林动态规律、年内积雪及冻土冻融特性规律,构建了分布式水文模型——NEHM,并采用NEHM模拟小兴安岭汤旺河流域典型集水区逐日径流过程,基于育林沟水文观测站2004年实测资料分别对比了生长季径流总量和日径流模拟结果。结果显示,生长季径流总量模拟值和真实值比较接近,日径流量模拟的效率系数(Ens)和相关系数(R2)均高于0.75。在此基础上,设置不同降水量情景,同时采用NEHM模拟了观测点所在栅格地表径流水量的变化。结果表明,通过NEHM模拟,能够体现出降雨变化对水文过程的影响。

According to the dynamic variations of northeast China forests hydrological processes and annual snow and fro- zen soil characteristics, we established the distributed hydrologic processed model by using the GIS technology and com- puter programming language. The daily runoff process of the typical catchment of Tangwang River Basin in Lesser Khin- gan Mountains was simulated by NEHM and was compared with the observed data about the growing season amounts of surface runoff and daily surface runoff in 2004 in Yulin River. Results showed that the simulated and measured values had a great relationship （R2 and Ens ≥0.75）. On this basis, the simulations of land surface streamflow amounts in ob- servation station grids with various precipitations scenes were conducted by NEHM, and the NEHM could give exactly expression to the effects of rainfall scenes on hydrologic process.