洪泽湖湿地的景观动态变化分析

Analysis of landscape dynamics in Hongze Lake wetlands

在RS和GIS技术的支撑下,结合景观生态学理论,以洪泽湖湿地为研究对象,选用1988年和2006年的Landsat TM两期影像数据,对洪泽湖景观构成、景观类型面积大小、面积比例、斑块数量、平均斑块面积、斑块密度、最大斑块所占景观面积的比例以及景观形状指数进行分析。结果表明:19年来,洪泽湖湿地景观格局发生了较大的变化,自然湿地急剧减少;养殖场、耕地和建筑用地显著增加,沼泽和敞水区明显减少。斑块数量增加、斑块密度增大、平均斑块面积减小,表明景观整体破碎化程度增加,源于人为活动对景观的干扰程度不断增强。

During the process of wetland landscape planning and ecological environment evolution, it is critical to under- stand and grasp the information of wetland landscape pattern. In this paper, with the support of RS and GIS technology and by combining the landscape ecology theory, two-source interpreted data of Landsat MSS imagery in 1988 and Landsat TM imagery in 2005 of Hongze Lake wetlands were chosen for the study. Quantitative research, which was related to landscape dynamic changes in Hongze Lake wetlands from 1988 to 2006, has been carried out by analysis of the struc- ture of landscape, total class area, percentage of landscape, number of patches, mean patch size, patch density, largest patch index and landscape shape index to reveal changes of landscape pattern in Hongze Lake wetlands over the past 19 years. The results showed that： during the past 19 years, major changes of Hongze wetland landscape have happened. It showed a sharp reduction of natural wetlands. Aquaculture, cultivation and construction land significantly increased in this area, while the area of marshes and open water decreased significantly. The increases of the number of patches and patch density and a decrease of mean patch size indicated that the degree of landscape fragmentation increased integral- ly. This was due to the increase of human activities on changes of landscape spatial pattern.