北洋政府时期长芦缉私营编整述论

A Survery of the Study on Changlu Anti-smuggling Camp Expanded In Beiyang Government Period

盐税与田赋一样,为北洋政府财税收入主要来源之一。北洋政府时期,为当时全国主要产盐区之一的长芦盐区私盐泛滥,严重影响官引销售。为了保证盐税收入、遏制私盐,北洋政府多管齐下,其中最为倚重的是扩编晚清时期建立的长芦缉私营,进行武力禁私。盐务缉私为"盐政"五政之一。令人惋惜的是,截止目前,学术界对缉私武装的专门研究仍为空白。本文挖掘利用河北省档案馆珍藏档案,爬梳整理出了长芦缉私营的扩编历程。该营的前身是光绪三十年成立的长芦盐巡营。北洋政府时期屡经扩编,由晚清时期单一步兵兵种的武装组织逐步扩展到拥有步兵、骑兵、巡河、巡海炮船兵等兵种的完备建制武装。其形式上仿照清末陆军军制组建,但就其职责而言,则属于警察性质,是现代缉私警察的雏形。

In the period of Beiyang Government,Changlu salt area was one of the important areas producing sea salt in China.The drawbacks of businessman monopoly was the main reason why illegal salt became prevalent.In order to curb the illegal salt and increase the salt tax revenue,the Beiyang Government adopted the legal,administrative,and many other means.Among them,and invested in the largest and most rely heavily on anti-smuggling measures is the establishment of Changlu camp.Changlu anti-smuggling camp was based on Changlu salt patrol camp founded in guangxu dynasty three decades.Changlu salt patrol camp was expanded many times from the Beiyang Government and it was a single infantry arms from the late Qing period and it was gradually extended to become gun smuggling Changlu ECM's camp armed infantry,cavalry,patrol river,sea patrol boat.The form of the system was modeled on established Qing Army,but as far as its duties was concerned,the nature belonged to the police and it was the prototype of the modern anti-smuggling police.