花鱼骨与唇鱼骨及其正反杂交子代的微卫星标记分析

Microsatellite analysis of Hemibarbus maculates,H.labeo and their reciprocal hybrids

利用12对微卫星引物对花鱼骨和唇鱼骨及其正反杂交子代(花鱼骨♀×唇鱼骨♂F1和唇鱼骨♀×花鱼骨♂F1)共4个群体进行微卫星分析,计算等位基因数(Na)、有效等位基因数(Ne)、多态性信息含量(PIC)、观测杂合度(Ho)、期望杂合度(He)、遗传分化系数(Fst)、Nei氏遗传距离(DS)。结果表明:在4个群体中,反交F1的平均Ne最大(3.453 7),花鱼骨的平均Ne最小(3.049 7);花鱼骨和唇鱼骨及其正反杂交子代4个群体的平均PIC分别为0.599 4、0.602 6、0.628 0、0.637 4;反交F1的平均Ho最高(0.411 1),花鱼骨的平均Ho最低(0.208 3)。聚类分析结果表明,正交F1和母本花鱼骨先聚为一支,再和父本唇鱼骨聚为一支,最后同反交F1聚在一起。遗传距离和遗传相似系数结果显示:正交F1与母本花鱼骨的遗传相似系数最大,与反交F1的遗传相似系数最小;反交F1同父本花鱼骨的遗传相似系数最大,同母本唇鱼骨的遗传相似系数最小。杂交子代群体的等位基因基本来自父母本双方,可以推断杂交子代的遗传物质来自父母双方,属两性融合生殖,且杂交子代的遗传变异水平明显高于父母本,是真正意义上的杂交种。

Twelve pairs of microsatellite primers were used to analyze genetic structure of Hemibarbus maculates, H. labeo and their reciprocal hybrids, and number of alleles（Na） , effective alleles （Ne）, polymorphic information content （PIC）, observed （Ho） and expected （He） heterozygosity values, genetic similarity index and Nei＇s genet- ic distance were all detected. It was foud that the FI of 11. labeo ~ xH. maculates ~ showed the most effective alleles （3. 453 7 ） , while the H. maculates showed the least （ 3. 049 7 ）. The average values of PIC were 0. 599 4 in H. maculates ,0.602 6 in H. labeo ,0. 628 0 in H. maculates 9 xH. labeo ~ ） and 0. 637 4 in H. labeo ~？ xH. macu- lares ~3. The H. labeo ~？ x 1t. maculates 8 F1 generations showed the maximal observed heterozygosity （Ho） （0.411 1 ） ,while H. maculates showed the minimal value of 0.208 3. The cluster results showed H. maculates ~ x H. labeo 8 F1 and H. maculates were clustered together firstly and then with H. labeo together, and secondly with F1 of H. Iabeo ~ ~H. maculates ~. The genetic distances and genetic similarity showed both FI progenies had a close relationship with the parent H. maculates, and H. labeo Q xH. maculates 8 Ft had the least value of genetic similarity with the female H. labeo parent which had the maxmal value of genetic similarity with the male H. maculates parent. The alleles of F1 generations were mostly generated from their parents, indicating that the genetic materials were in- herited from parents. The both F1 had higher level of genetic variability than their parents and its real hybrids did.