中国刺参与韩国红刺参杂交及子代发育特性的研究

Crossing and offspring development of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus between Chinese and Korean populations

分别以刺参Stichopus japonicus中国群体和韩国群体为母本,采用同步催产法,同时收集中国刺参和韩国红刺参的精子、卵子,进行正交(中国刺参♀×韩国红刺参♂)和反交(韩国红刺参♀×中国刺参♂),比较两者的受精率,同时对正交受精及早期胚胎发育过程进行连续光镜和荧光显微镜观察。结果表明:中国刺参和韩国红刺参正交和反交的受精率分别为91%和94%;韩国红刺参的精子可以穿过中国刺参的卵膜进行受精,并激活卵子减数分裂使其释放第一极体(PB1)和第二极体(PB2),然后受精卵开始进行卵裂;杂交胚胎发育正常,正交和反交的孵化率分别为75%和90%。另外,在试验中发现有多精入卵现象。

The sperm, and eggs of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus derived from China and Korea were collected by synchronous spawning induction, and direct cross and reciprocal crosses were conducted between the two populations of sea cucumber. The fertilization was observed in the reciprocal crosses and fertilization and early embryonic development were successively observed in the direct cross between Chinese sea cucumber ♀× Korean red sea cucumber ♂ under light microscopy and fluorescence microscopy. The sperm of Korean red sea cucumber was found to attach to the egg surfaces of Chinese sea cucumber rapidly and the acrosomal reaction was observed successfully. The inerspeeifc sperm activated the meiosis of Chinese sea cucumber egg and induced the releasing of polar body 1 （PB1） and polar body 2 （PB2）, and then the male and female pronuclei fused into zygotonuceus and the cleavage began subsequently. The fertilization rate was found to be 91% in the direct cross between Chinese sea cucumber （Korean red sea cucumber ♀ and 94% in the reciprocal crosses （ Korean red sea cucumber ♀×Chinese sea cucumber ♂ ）. Meantime, normal embryonic development was observed, with hatching rate of 75% in the direct cross and 90% in the reciprocal cross. In addition, polyspermy was observed in this experiment.