《七德》《九功》与初唐郊庙乐的离合演变

On the Evolution of Separation and Coalesce between Qide,Jiugongand Jiaomiao Music in the Early Tang Dynasty

《七德》《九功》是初唐时期两部著名的宫廷大型舞蹈,因其所配《庆善乐》《破阵乐》为唐太宗所作而备受推崇,高宗时曾被用于朝廷郊庙祭祀的文舞、武舞,但之后又被弃用。史书记载弃用的原因是《七德》"未入雅乐",《九功》"不可降神"。《七德舞》所配《破阵乐》是军乐,其音乐性质不是雅乐,从所用乐器和表演服饰上可见。降神之礼自《周礼》已定,需"乐之六变",《九功舞》只有"一遍",显然与之不符。

Both of Qide（seven merits） and Jiugong（nine virtues） were two notable larger court dances in the period of early Tang Dynasty,with their music Qingshan Yue （Music of Celebrating and Perfection）and Pozhen Yue （Music of Annthilate Enemy Position） composed by Emperor Taizong of Tang dynasty both of them were well-respected,and being used for court jiaomiao temple ritual dance of civil and military, but was then abandoned afterwards. The historical records for the reason of abandoned was that Qide ＂not belongs to Yayue （ceremonial classic music）＂, and Jiugong ＂could not jiangshen（pray to Gods come）＂. The music Pozhen Yue （Music of Annthilate Enemy Position）arranged for Qide Dance was a kind of military one, which nature was not of Yayue （ceremonial classic music） , knew from its music instruments and performance apparel used. The ritual of Jiangshen was confirmed in Zhou Li, which required six variations, while Jiugong Dance only ＂one＂, which obviously did not according with.