论司空图《二十四诗品》之生态哲学观

On the Concept of Ecological Philosophy in Si Kongtu’s Twenty-four Poetry Styles

一直以来,人们习惯将《二十四诗品》(以下简称《诗品》)看成中国古代文论的经典著作,关于《诗品》的研究已经成为一门显学,但其思想主旨和理论体系问题始终存在诸多争议。与其将《诗品》看成二十四种诗歌风格或意境的论述,不如将其看成是一种生态哲学之思的诗性表达。《诗品》所表达的生态哲学观可从三方面归纳:钟爱自然之"天人合一"自然观;生生不息、循环往复之整体自然观;少私寡欲、清新淡泊之生态人生观。《诗品》是中国传统生态哲学思想的集大成者,"天人合一"之生态观是《诗品》贯之首尾的理论体系之枢纽,从生态视角重新审视其思想主旨有助于挖掘其思想价值。

Si Kongtu＇s Twenty-four Poetry Styles is a classic of ancient Chinese literary theories. As a prominent subject, the study of the Twenty-four Poems Styles is still at issue over its thoughts and its theoretic system. This article argues that this classic is more a poetic expression of ecological philosophy than a discussion on poetry styles. On this ground, the Ecological Philosophy of Twenty-four Poetry Styles is analyzed in three aspects： the concept of harmonious nature embodied in the enjoyment of nature and the unity of man and nature, the overall view of nature embodied in consideration of all life growing and moving in circles, and the ecological outlook on life embodied in becoming a pure and magnanimous poet. This article is an interpretation of the work as an encyclopedic work of ancient Chinese ecological philosophic thoughts.