汉语侗台语接触类型及其变异机制

Contact Types between Chinese and Kam-Tai Languages and their Variation Mechanism

汉语与侗台语言之间主要存在中度与深度两种接触类型:中度接触类型表现为侗台语言里积淀有各个历史层次的汉语借词;深度接触类型则表现为语言质变混合。深度接触类型的典型代表是诶话。侗台语变异机制除主流情况外,还存在特殊情况:壮语里蕴含的汉语借词音系及音节结构与当地用的桂南平话相似,便于实现汉壮语音对换,形成壮汉语;别同意愿和相对封闭稳定的生活圈是形成诶话、莫语的重要条件;诶话、莫语词汇以始发语而非目标语汉语为主,原因是汉语与侗台语的语言类型比较接近,这种现象丰富和补充了语言接触理论。

This paper is a brief description about the research significance, methods, main content and views on the contact types between Chinese and Kam--Tai languages and their variation mecha- nism, and concludes that there are two types of language contact, that is, the former being the Chi- nese borrowings from different historical periods in the Kam-Tai languages with the Ei language as the typical type while the other being their essential mixture. There are some special cases as follows： The syllabic structure of the Chinese borrowings in the Zhuang language is similar to that of the Ping language in south Guangxi, forming a kind of Zhuang-Chinese; the relatively stable and closed lifes- tyle helps form the Ei language and the Mo language whose vocabularies are based on the source lan- guage rather than the target language due to their similar types, which has enriched the theory of lan- guage contact.