基于GIS的冬奥会竞技实力空间变动分析

Analysis of the spatial disparities of competitive strength in Winter Olympic Games based on GIS

采用定性分析与GIS等定量手段相结合,利用奖牌数量、奖牌项目、国籍等指标对第17届冬奥会以来各国家的竞技实力进行统计和分析,在此基础上,对影响其竞技实力的空间变化特征的因素和作用机制进行了研究。研究发现:在研究时段内竞技实力的空间格局发生了重要转变,分布重心开始由欧洲向北美洲和亚洲转移,分布密度由集中向分散转变;从项目上看,传统冬奥会项目的竞技实力分布重心基本没有变化,而新兴冬奥会项目的竞技实力则由欧洲逐渐向亚洲转移;分布重心与分布密度的相对变动主要受到经济实力的变化和体育政策的影响,不同人种体质和自然环境也对竞技实力空间的变动有着间接影响。

With qualitative analysis and the quantitative GIS method combined, and based on the amount of medals, medal project, and nationality, the paper statistically analyzes the competitive strength of each nation since the 17th Winter Olympic Games. Based on this, the paper studies the spatial variation characteristics affecting competitive strength and function mechanism. The study shows that important changes took place in the spatial pattern of competitive strength in the course of the study, with distribution center beginning to shift from Europe to North Ameri- ca and Asia, and density changing from centralization to decentralization; in terms of project, the distribution center of the projects in traditional Winter Olympic Games has hardly changed, while new Winter Olympic Games projects transfer from Europe to Asia; relative changes in distribution center and distribution density are primarily affected by changes in economic strength and sports policy, besides, natural environment and race also have an indirect effect on the space changes in competitive strength.