合伙的法律主体地位探析

On the Subject Position of Partnership in Law

我国目前的合伙主要分为两大类 :一类是依照《合伙企业法》成立的合伙企业 ,另一类是仅依合伙协议而没有注册登记的松散型合伙。松散型合伙明显地不具有民事主体的特征 ,故不具有民事主体资格和民事诉讼当事人的资格。如果发展地解释民事主体的构成要件 ,合伙企业就符合民事主体“人格独立、财产独立和责任独立”的三个要件 ,因而就是独立的民事主体。合伙企业作为民事主体应当归属于“其他组织”之列 ,并基于其具有民事权利能力 ,故当然地取得民事诉讼当事人的资格。

There are two sorts of partnership in China: one is the partnership enterprise set up in accordance with the Law of Partnership, the other one is the loose partnership tied up under an agreement but without registration. Loose partnership doesn’t have the characteristics of a civil subject, therefore, it doesn’t have the qualifications of a civil subject and a civil litigants. If we explain the structure of a civil subject with a developing perspective, the partnership enterprise is in accord with the three conditions of a civil subject, that is “independent personality, independent property, and independent liability”, and it is an independent civil subject. The partnership enterprise should belong to which called “the other organizations”, and based on its ability of civil rights, it should have the qualification of a civil subject.