公益诉讼:传统体育非物质文化遗产法律保护的新思路

Public Interest Litigation: New Idea of Legal Protection of Traditional Sports Intangible Cultural Heritage

国内学者对传统体育非物质文化遗产的法律保护一直存在争议:有学者认为传统文化属于公有领域,国家可以动用公权力进行保护;有学者认为可以设立私权保护,如通过知识产权制度,维护权利主体的合法利益。分析公法保护与私法保护在实务上的局限及法理上的障碍。认为:传统体育非物质文化遗产公益诉讼制度的建立,不仅可以规避法律保护模式不统一而引发的争议,还可有效遏制对传统体育文化的恶意侵害,维护国家、原创地及传承地居民的群体利益,促进传统体育非物质文化遗产在新时期的传承与发展。

There has always been the dispute in the legal protection of traditional sports intangible cultural heritage in China. Some scholars hold the idea that the traditional culture belongs to the public sphere so that government can protect it by public power; on the other hand, the establishment of private rights, the intellectual property system for example, can maintain the legitimate interests of the right owners. The analysis of the limitation in practice and legal barriers in the two types of protection shows that the establishment of public interest litigation system of traditional sports intangible cultural heritage, can not only avoid the dispute which is caused by the different legal protection modes, but also stop the malicious violation to the traditional sports culture effectively and preserve the national interests and group interests of the residents from the original as well as the inheritance places. Thus it can promote the inheritance and development of traditional sports intangible cultural heritage in the new era.