性别差异与女性体育参与的社会距离

Gender Differences and Social Distance of Female Participation in Sports

社会文化规训与性别角色期许是女性体育参与社会距离形成的本源所在,受此影响分别出现了项目选择和性别参与上的差异特征;经济收入与教育背景的影响使女性体育参与呈现明显的社会分层现象,影响着女性体育参与的行为选择;媒介传播过程中存在着显著的性别差异,进一步凸显了女性体育参与的弱势地位。已婚群体的女性体育参与程度显著比未婚群体降低,女性体育参与的社会距离产生的本质并不取决于男性本身设置的距离感,而是取决于社会发展过程中附加的社会文化、性别角色期许、媒介传播、经济收入以及文化背景的共同作用。正是上述因素的综合影响造成了女性在社会角色中的"弱势"地位,这种地位是导致女性体育参与社会距离形成的根源所在。

Social and cultural codes and gender role expectations led to the formation of social distance of female sports participation and different characteristics in event selection and gender participation. The influence of eco nomic income and educational background on female sports participation presented an obvious social hierarchy and affected the choice of female sports participation. There were significant gender differences in the process of media communication, which further highlighted the disadvantaged position of female sports participation. Married women participated in sports less than unmarried ones. Social and cultural codes, gender role expectations, media commu nication, economic income and cultural background influenced the social distance.