竞赛压力的概念、分类及其理论模型

Concept,Classification,Theoretical Model of Competition Stress

竞赛压力是指与竞赛直接且主要相关的环境需要同个体之间的持续互动,它可分为竞技压力和组织压力2个部分。目前,研究者普遍以认知交互理论来指导竞赛压力相关研究,并在此基础上提出了压力—情绪—表现元模型。在具体研究中,研究者集中于竞赛压力源、反应与评价机制、压力应对、压力结果、个人与情境特征5个方面。未来研究应该注重竞赛压力源问卷的编制,加强个人和情境变量调节作用的研究,推进组织压力相关研究,开展竞赛压力管理模式研究。

Competition stress is an ongoing transaction between an individual and the environment demands, associ ated primarily and directly with competition within which he or she is operating, divided into competitive stress and organizational stress. Researchers generally adopt transactional theory to guide studies relating to competition stress. They have put forward a meta model of stress-emotion-performance on the basis of extensive studies. In the specific studies, they focus on five sub-sections （i. e. competition stressors, responses and appraisal mechanisms, coping process and strategies, effects on well-being and performance, and personal and situational characteristics）. Future researches should focus more on the development of organizational stressor scales, strengthen studies on the modera- tion effects of personal and situational variables, promote related studies about organizational stress and competition stress management mode.