两种“重复”与两种“相犯”——以《亚瑟王之死》与《水浒传》为例

Two “tepetitions” and two “violations”——“Le Morte Darthur” & “Outlaw Marsh”

小说创作的写人和叙事,都不可能避免雷同,对这些不可避免的"生活雷同"怎样进行描写?古今中外的小说批评家都有自己的说法。西方文学批评家所谓的两种"重复"与中国古代小说评点家们所说的两种"相犯"具有某些共同之处,至少它们都力图在阐明小说创作中如何处理写生活中雷同的东西太多的问题,而且,都涉及到"重不见重,犯不见犯"的"章法"。当然,古今中外这些关于小说创作方法的理论阐述,也有相异之处。但无论如何,这些说法都具有异曲同工之妙。

It is inevitable to meet in coincidence as figuring characters and narrating plots in the process of a novel creation. Novelists in all times and all countries have their own views on description of these ＂coincidences＂ in life. The western litera- ture critics＇ two kinds of ＂repetitions＂ has something in common with the Chinese ancient novel critics＇ two kinds of ＂viola- tions＂, as they beth have been paying their efforts on expounding the problem of various coincidences in lives when creating novels. Moreover, beth have touched the ＂rules＂ of ＂repetition for differences and violations for coherence＂. Certainly, there are still differences in between the Chinese and western novel critics, but which are also echoing well to each.