长期住院精神分裂症患者稳定期轻度及以上抑郁焦虑状态现状调查

A Prevalence Survey About Mild and Above Depress and Anxiety Symptoms in the Convalescence of Stable Schizophrenic Patients for Long-term Hospitalization

目的调查长期住院稳定期精神分裂症患者轻度及以上抑郁焦虑状态的发生率及自评他评量表的差异。方法采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)对198例长期住院稳定期精神分裂症患者进行测评。结果 HAMD组轻中度抑郁症状的评分为(28.28±4.21),发生率为26.26%;SDS组评分为(63.21±8.24),发生率为33.33%;后者发生率显著高于前者。HAMD组女性(34.94%)及SDS组女性(65.06%)轻中度抑郁症状发生率均显著高于男性(20%及25.2%)。HAMD组男性绝望感及体重减轻发生率高于女性,女性焦虑/躯体化发生率高于男性;SDS组男性心理症状体验发生率高于女性,女性抑郁心情、躯体症状、精神运动行为发生率高于男性,以上性别间差异有统计学意义。HAMA组轻中度焦虑的评分为(18.28±4.21),发生率为37.88%;SAS组评分为(60.58±7.95),发生率为52.53%;后者发生率显著高于前者。HAMA组女性(55.42%)及SAS组女性(65.06%)轻中度焦虑症状发生率均显著高于男性(25.2%及43.48%)。HAMA、SAS各因子中精神性焦虑多于躯体性焦虑,差异有统计学意义。轻度及以上抑郁焦虑共病率达80%,女性共病率显著高于男性。结论长期住院稳定期精神分裂症患者轻度及以上抑郁焦虑发生率高,女性发生率显著高于男性,自评量表发生率显著高于他评量表,临床中应关注抑郁焦虑状况及不同量表评定的差异。

Objective To investigate the incidence rate of mild and above depress and anxiety of schizophrenic patients for long-term hospitalization. Methods 198 cases of long-term hospitalization schizophrenic patients in convalescence were assessed with Hamilton Depression Scale （HAMD）, Self-Rating Depression Scale （SDS）, Hamilton Anxiety Scale（HAMA）, and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale （SAS）. Results The scores of mild and above depress was （28.28±4.21） in HAMD group and was （63.21±8.24） in the SDS group; the incidence rate was 26.26% in HAMD group and was 33.33% in the SDS group. The incidence rate of mild to moderate depressive symptom of female in the HAMD group and SDS group were higher than that of male. The rate of psychological experience symptoms of male in SDS group were significantly higher than those of female, but the incidence rates of depressed mood, somatic symptoms, and mental exercise behavior were higher among female, with significant difference. The scores of mild and above anxiety in HAMA group and SAS group were （18.28 ± 4.21） and （60.58± 7.95） respectively, and the incidence rates of the two groups were 37.88% and 52.53% respectively. The incidence rates of mild to moderate anxiety symptom of female in the HAMA group and SAS group were significantly higher than those of male. Mental anxiety factors were more than somatic anxiety factors in HAMA and SAS, and the difference was statistically significant. The co-morbidity of mild and above depress and anxiety was 80%, and it was significantly higher among female patients than male patients. Conclusions The incidence of mild and above depression and anxiety is high among the long-term stable schizophrenia of patients. Moreover, the incidence rate was higher among female patients, and higher in self-rating scales. These differences should be clinically considered.