贺兰山野化牦牛秋季昼间行为时间分配和活动规律

Time Budgets and Activity Rhythms in Autumn Daytime of Feral Yak in the Helan Mountains

2010年9月15-25日,采用瞬时扫描法和所有事件取样法对贺兰山野化牦牛进行行为观察,建立了牦牛的行为谱,并将相关行为进行分类,即运动、摄食、休息、社群和其他行为。研究表明：牦牛秋季昼间行为的分配比例最高为运动行为（39.85±1.73）%,其次是摄食（33.33±2.50）%和休息（23.78±3.75）%行为,社群（0.99±0.27）%和其他（2.05±0.18）%较低。运动在8：00-10：00,14：00-16：00时有明显的高峰期,摄食高峰期出现在9：00-10：00时和15：00-16：00时,休息在12：00-13：00时出现高峰期。采用2个独立样本的Mann-WhitneyU检验对不同年龄的牦牛行为进行比较,年龄因素对牦牛运动、摄食、休息和其他行为影响不显著（P〉0.05）,但对社群行为影响显著（P〈0.05）。

Abstract： The daytime activity budgets of feral yak （ Bos grunnieus ） in the Helan Mountains were invest- tigated by manual observation in September, 2010. M1 behaviors were divided into five categories： name- ly, moving, feeding, resting, social and other behaviors. The results showed that moving was the princi- pal activity of feral yak and accounted for （39.85 ± 1.73 ）% of their activities, followed by feeding （33.33 ± 2.50） % and resting behavior （23.78 ±3.75） %. The remaining time was devoted to the social （0.99 ± 0.27） % and other behaviors （2.05 ±0. 18） %. Movement had two peak periods from 8 ： 00 - 10：00, 14：00- 16：00. Feeding had also two peak periods： 9：00- 10：00 and 15：00- 16：00 respec- tively. Mann-Whitney U test was used and compared the feral yak behaviors of different age. The effects of different ages on movement, feeding, resting and other behaviors of feral yak did not differ significantly differences（ P 〉 0. 05）, but on social behaviors differed significantly （P 〈 0. 05）.