基岩山区水文地质发展的紧迫性及其编图方法

Urgency of Bedrock Mountainous Hydrogeology Development and Mapping

随着我国山区地下水开发利用的不断深入,对山区地下水赋存规律和埋藏条件有了进一步的认识,逐渐形成了以构造条件为基础的基岩地下水理论。而传统水文地质图的编图以均质论、层控论为基础,不仅与山区水文地质学理论发展不相适应,而且不能有效地指导基岩山区地下水的勘查工作。以太行山区水文地质单元为研究对象,采用系统思维,综合运用水文地质学、构造地质学、地图制图学及地理信息系统等多学科知识,通过野外调查与室内研究相结合、团队合作共建与专家独立思考相结合、计算机制图与信息挖掘相结合等方法,研究基于山区地下水分布非均一性特征的水文地质编图方法、理论,确定实用性强、概念清晰的山区水文地质图编制模式。在此模式下编制的山区水文地质图,能够刻画山区地下水的赋存规律及特征,判定富水区,体现山区水文地质图的基础性和先导性特点,拓展其概念基础和应用空间,更好地服务国家建设和改善民生。

The theory of bedrock groundwater has been developed based on the structural conditions along with the development of groundwater exploitation and further understanding of the occurrence and buried conditions of groundwater in mountainous region.Traditional hydrogeological mapping was based on the homogenity theory and the stratabound theory,it was not compatible with the mountainous hydrogeology development neither in guiding the bedrock groundwater exploration effectively.The system thinking and comprehensive application of hydrogeology,structural geology,cartography,GIS and other multidisciplinary knowledge were used in this study.By taking a typical hydrogeological unit in the Taihang Mountain as the research object,the drawing method of mountainous hydrogeology was developed based on the nonuniform ditribution of bedrock groundwater,combination of field investigation and laboratory processing,teamwork and experts＇independent thinking,computer cartography and information mining so as to determine the practical and conceptual patterns of mountainous hydrogeological maps.The map of mountainous hydrogeology obtained in this study could be used to explain the occurrence regularity and characteristics of mountaionous groundwater,judge the water-rich belt,provide the basic and guiding information for mountainous hydrogeological mapping,expand the conceptual basis and application space,and serve the national construction.