马六甲海峡的潮汐特征分析

Analysis of the tide in the Strait of Malacca

马六甲海峡是亚洲东南部的重要海峡通道,沟通太平洋和印度洋,具有重要的经济和战略地位。本文利用马六甲海峡及其毗邻海域验潮站的实测水位资料,分析了马六甲海峡及马来半岛东岸的潮汐特征。研究表明,半日分潮平均振幅最大的区域位于马六甲海峡内部,而全日分潮平均振幅最大的区域为马来半岛的东海岸。马六甲海峡内部以正规半日潮为主,马来半岛东侧则为混合潮港,北部为不正规全日潮,南部则为不规则半日潮。半日分潮M2,S2和全日分潮K1在马六甲海峡内的传播为自西北向东南,而全日分潮O1则为自东南向西北方向。马来半岛东岸的半日潮传播方向以中部的Cendering站为分界线,南、北两部海区分别向南、向北相背传播,而全日潮传播方向相同,统一为自北向南。

Strait of Malacca is one of the most significant channels between the Pacific and the Indian Ocean. It plays an important role in economic and strategic fields. Based on observed sea level elevation data, this paper analyzed the features of the tide in the Strait of Malacca and along east coast of the Malay Peninsula. The results showed that the maximum mean amplitude of semidiurnal constituents was in the Strait of Malacca while that of diurnal constituents was along the east coast of Malay Peninsula. The tide in the Strait of Malacca was characterized by regular semidiurnal feature. It was the irregular diurnal tide in the north and the irregular semidiurnal tide in the south along the east coast of Malay Peninsula, showing the mixed feature. The propagation of semidiurnal constituents （M2 and S2） and diurnal constituent （K1） was from northwest to southeast in the Strait of Malacca, while that of diurnal constituent （O1） was opposite. Along the east coast of Malay Peninsula, the propagations of diurnal constituents were both from north to south. It was noticed that tide-gauge station, Cendering, in the central part of the coast, became a demarcation point for the propagation of the semidiumal constituents.