以沃尔玛为代表的跨国渠道商对全球生产企业的控制模式

Control Patterns of Multi-national Retailers Represented by Wal-mart to Global Manufacturing Enterprises

运用全球价值链方法,结合采购者驱动型价值链的特点及非股权控制的相关理论,论述了沃尔玛扩张过程中商业模式的转变及其对生产企业非股权控制的实施途径等,认为以沃尔玛为代表的跨国渠道商是以非股权控制模式对全球生产企业进行控制的,其作为采购者驱动型价值链的主导者,根据不同国家不同公司的比较优势来分配不同的服务工序环节,以优化资源配置,并对各服务环节上的生产企业进行有效控制,最终实现整条价值链的全球整合。

This paper, combined with the characteristics of the buyer-driven value chain and the theory of non-equity control, describes the change of Wal-mart＇ s business mode during expansion and its non-equity control to the manufacturers by using the approach of global value chain, considering that the multi-national retailers represented by Wal-mart control global manufacturers through the non- equity control mode. As a leader of the buyer-driven global value chain, Wal-mart cuts service processes into pieces on the global value chain, allocates resources according to the comparative advantages, effectively controls every manufacturing and service stage and ulti- mately achieves the global integration of the entire value chain.