美国和日本高校社会服务模式比较研究

A Comparative Study on the Social Service Models of American and Japanese Universities

作为高校社会服务的两种基本模式,美国的"高校主导型"模式和日本的"政府主导型"模式均具有政策性、双向性、针对性、实体性、长期性的特征。但由于社会文化不同,二者在社会服务主导方、社会服务内容和社会服务形式方面存在显著差异:美国模式以高校为主导,政府对高校社会服务提供政策和经费的大力支持,但不会对其具体服务方式等加以干预,高校则通过咨询、信息和科研等形式服务于政府,并与企业、社区平等互动,各取所需;而在日本模式中,处于绝对主导地位的政府会通过立法和经济援助等方式对高校的社会服务方式进行细致的指导,引导企业和大学开展以委托形式为主的合作。

The American university-oriented model and the Japanese government-oriented model are two basic ones of the social services of universities, and they have five common characteristics： policy supported, bi-directional, focused, substantive and long-term. There are three differences of the two modes caused by the different social and cultural backgrounds between the two countries in respect of the leading party, content and form of social service. In the American model, the government provides strong policies and funding support for university social services, but does not intervene in the way of social services. Colleges and universities serve the government through consulting, information and researches, and interact with corporate entities and communities equally. In the Japanese model, the government in an absolutely dominant position gives meticulous guidance to university social services through legislation and economic assistance, and guides enterprises and universities to cooperate with each mainly in the commissioned form.