西方人力资源管理中的个人主义和能人主义

Individualism and Meritocracy in Western Human Resource Management

西方资本主义的崛起和新教伦理的传播密切相关,因为它消除了人与上帝之间的所有中介,这种直接的人神关系促进了人的自尊感和自主性,从而带来了个人主义。起源于新教教派的盎格鲁-撒克逊新教徒,往往认为个人能力和努力能掌握或者改变自己的境地,从而获得成功,这种观点很大程度上代表了西方能人主义的本质。人力资源管理理论作为文化的产物,通常反映了它得以根植和发展的社会文化和意识形态特点。个人主义和能人主义作为两个重要的哲学基础,在一定程度上解释了现代西方人力资源管理的若干特征:强调个人的利益和权利,重视个人行为、心理和智力测试和预测,关注个人成就和功绩,采用个人化的激励策略和个人化的薪酬制度,择优录用和提升,以及自治和规范科学化的绩效反馈评估系统等等。

As a typical American Product, the HRM system provides a strong sense of equity, of a trustworthy ex change relationship, and assessment and promotion are alleged to mainly depend on an individual＇s merits, all of which manifest the features of Individualism and Meritocracy. From two aspects of Individualism and Meritocracy, the author tries to analyze the underlying philosophy of HRM, which offers the fundamental theoretical support for it, partly explains certain characteris tics of the modern Western HRM.