贼小豆基本生物学特性及其饲用价值探索——与赤小豆和家绿豆比较研究

Basic biology characteristics and feeding value of Vigna minina——Comparative study with V.angularis and V.radiata

为了解贼小豆基本生物学特性及其饲用价值,以赤小豆和家绿豆为对照,对贼小豆野生情形、实验室条件下的发芽率、发芽特性、抗逆性、休眠破除方法等进行观察研究,测定其种子及幼苗的基本营养成分。结果表明:野生状态下贼小豆生命力强,生长周期长,结荚多,出苗越晚的植株进入生殖生长的时间越短。试验条件下,贼小豆发芽率很低,不整齐;出苗时稍耐弱酸和喜低盐刺激;98%浓硫酸处理贼小豆种子30min或用刀片割破种皮是破除其休眠的最好办法。贼小豆种子粗脂肪和可溶性糖含量高于赤小豆和家绿豆,粗蛋白稍低,幼苗营养成分中可溶性糖含量最高,可溶性蛋白低于赤小豆而高于家绿豆,游离氨基酸最低。与常规饲料作物玉米、大麦及常规饲草苜蓿、黑麦草相比,贼小豆优势明显。作为饲料作物开发利用,贼小豆有较好的前景。

In order to know the basic biology characteristics and its feeding value of Vigna minina,a comparative study with V.angularis and V.radiata were carried out,especially the V.minina＇s wild growth situation,germination rate,traits of germination,traits of anti-intimidating and the methods of breaking its dormancy and so on were all studied in laboratory.At the same time,the nutrient ingredients of V.minina＇s seed and young seedling were measured.The results were as follows：V.minina＇s vitality was very strong in wild,growth periods was long,more pods were produced,if its seedling came out later,the moment of procreation was earlier.Under the experimental conditions,V.minina＇s germination rate was very low without order;in the period of germination,V.minina put up the ability of enduring the feebleness acid and was fond of the stimulation of low salinity;using 98% oil of vitriol to manage the seed of V.minina 30 min and using knife to lacerate the seed capsule were the best method to break its dormancy.The V.minina＇s coarse fat and solubility sugar were more than that of V.angularis and V.radiata,but its coarse protein was a bit low.In young seedling,solubility sugar in V.minina was the most,solubility protein in V.minina was more than V.radiata,lower than V.angularis,the dissociative amino acid in V.minina was the lowest.Comparing with the general feedstuff,like corn,barley,ryegrass and alfalfa,the V.minina had more evidence predominance.In conclusion,serving as crop of feedstuff,aiming at V.minina＇s exploitation and using would have better foreground.