云南茶树地方品种农艺性状与品质性状遗传多样性分析

Diversity of Tea Landraces Based on Agronomic and Quality Traits in Yunnan Province

为发掘具有优异农艺性状与品质性状的茶树品种资源,对51份云南茶树地方品种进行农艺和品质性状遗传多样性分析。结果表明,云南茶树地方品种农艺和品质性状存在丰富的遗传变异,农艺性状变异系数平均为25.84%,多样性指数平均为1.94;生化成分变异系数平均为16.53%,多样性指数平均为1.88;茶叶感官审评红茶品质总分达87.5～94.2分,绿茶品质总分达78.8～91.5分,茶树品种红、绿茶适制性的多样性指数平均为0.92和0.94;聚类分析将供试材料分为3类:第Ⅰ类品种主要适合制作红茶,第Ⅱ类品种主要适合制作绿茶,第Ⅲ类为生化成分特异性品种。并从中筛选出18份优异品种资源,为今后的生产和育种提供利用。

In order to excavated the excellent tea germplasms,51 accessions tea landraces were taken as materials from Yunnan province,and the genetic diversity was investigated based on agronomic and quality traits.The results showed that those accessions had the rich genetic variation in agronomic and quality traits.The average variation coefficient and diversity index of agronomic characters was 25.84% and 1.94.The average variation coefficient and diversity index of biochemical composition was 16.53% and 1.88.Based on sensory evaluation,the total score of black tea was 87.5 to 94.2 points,and green tea was 78.8 to 91.5 points.Their diversity index of adaptability was 0.92 and 0.94.Based on agronomic and quality traits,51 materials were clustered into 3 groups.The groupⅠ was suited to make black tea.The groupⅡwas suited to make green tea.And the group Ⅲ was the special varieties on some biochemical composition.18 fine varieties were selected and used for future production and breeding.